Background: There is a significant discourse in the literature that opines that people who use illicit opiates are unable to provide informed consent due to withdrawal symptoms and cognitive impairment as a result of opiate use. Aims: This paper discusses the issues related to informed consent for this population. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval was obtained from both the local REB and the university. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Method: This was a qualitative interpretive descriptive study. 22 participants (...) were interviewed, including 18 nurses, 2 social workers and 2 clinic support workers. The findings were analyzed using thematic analysis, which is a way of systematically reducing the complexity of the information to arrive at generalized explanations. Results: The staff at the clinic were overwhelming clear in their judgment that people who use opiates can and should be able to participate in research and that their drug use is not a barrier to informed consent. Conclusions: It is important to involve people who use opiates in research. Protectionist concerns about this population may be overstated. Such concerns do not promote the interests of research participants. People who use heroin need to be able to tell their story. (shrink)

Electron-phonon interactions appear to explain some of, but not all, the features of the dispersive kinks in recently observed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The remaining anomalies have led to suggestions that magnon, and not phonon, interactions are involved. If one abandons the effective-medium approximation and replaces it with dopant-centred filamentary percolation, a picture emerges that is consistent not only with the photoemission experiments but also with tunnelling, infrared and neutron scattering data.